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Fix Insecure API Management in Hanami

Hanami's architecture is built for speed, but default configurations often neglect the management layer, leaving APIs vulnerable to unauthorized access and resource exhaustion. Insecure API Management in Hanami typically involves missing authentication middleware, lack of rate limiting (DoS susceptibility), and improper CORS policies. To secure the stack, we must move security logic into a centralized base action and integrate Rack-level protections.

The Vulnerable Pattern

module Bookshelf
  module Actions
    module API
      class ListUsers < Hanami::Action
        # VULNERABILITY: No authentication check and no rate limiting.
        # Any unauthenticated actor can scrape the entire user database.
        def handle(request, response)
          users = repository.all
          response.body = users.map(&:to_h).to_json
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

The Secure Implementation

The fix addresses two critical failure points: Authentication and Availability. First, we transition from a bare Hanami::Action to a hardened base Action class that implements a 'before' hook for JWT or API key validation. Using 'halt 401' ensures the execution pipeline stops before hitting business logic. Second, we inject Rack::Attack into the middleware stack in config/app.rb to provide global rate limiting, preventing automated scraping and credential stuffing attacks that target unmanaged endpoints.

# config/app.rb
# 1. Add Rate Limiting via Rack::Attack
config.middleware.use Rack::Attack

app/action.rb


module Bookshelf
class Action < Hanami::Action
# 2. Centralized Security Hook
before :authenticate_request!


private

def authenticate_request!(request, response)
  token = request.env['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION']&.split(' ')&.last
  halt 401 unless ValidToken.call(token)
end


end
end


app/actions/api/list_users.rb


module Bookshelf
module Actions
module API
class ListUsers < Bookshelf::Action
# Inherits authentication and is protected by middleware
def handle(request, response)
users = repository.all
response.body = users.to_json
end
end
end
end
end

System Alert • ID: 4822
Target: Hanami API
Potential Vulnerability

Your Hanami API might be exposed to Insecure API Management

74% of Hanami apps fail this check. Hackers use automated scanners to find this specific flaw. Check your codebase before they do.

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